Angst voor Covid-19

Risico’s en voordelen
01/03/2024
Gaëtan Mertens, Derek M. Novacek, Richard J. McNally, Iris M. Engelhard
Geen reacties
image-1
Issue 1

Samenvatting

Fear for COVID-19

Mertens, G., Novacek, D., McNally, R. & Engelhard, I.M

Fear is an adaptive emotion that motivates safety behaviors to protect oneself in the presence of danger. However, fear that is out of proportion to the actual threat, or that lasts too long, can lead to negative consequences. Also in the context of the coronavirus disease-19 (covid-19) pandemic, fear is an important motivator for safety behaviors, such as hygienic behaviors (e.g., hand washing), social distancing and willingness to vaccinate. However, fear of covid-19 is also associated with mental health problems, ‘panic shopping’, xenophobia, social inequality, and persistent safety behavior. In this article, we briefly review the recent literature on these positive and negative consequences of fear for covid-19 and make recommendations for policymakers to effectively manage fear and unrest during future pandemics.

155 Weergaven
1 Downloads
  • Samenvatting
  • Positieve en negatieve gevolgen van angst voor COVID-19
    • Positieve gevolgen van angst
    • Negatieve gevolgen van angst
  • Conclusie
  • Literatuurlijst
  • Over de auteur
Log in
In een pandemie kan angst een belangrijke motivator zijn voor veiligheidsgedrag, zoals hygiënische gedragingen en sociale afstand houden. Het kan echter ook leiden tot psychische klachten, xenofobie en sociale ongelijkheid. In dit artikel bespreken we de recente literatuur over positieve en negatieve gevolgen van angst voor covid-19. Ook geven we een aantal aanbevelingen voor beleids­makers om angst en onrust tijdens een toekomstige pandemie in goede banen te leiden.

Met een dodental volgens de Wereld Gezondheidsorganisatie van meer dan zes miljoen mensen is de coronavirus (covid-19)-pandemie één van de dodelijkste pandemieën uit de recente geschiedenis (World Health Organization, 2020). Om de pandemie onder controle te houden voerden regeringen wereldwijd strikte maatregelen in om de verspreiding van het virus te beperken, waaronder reisrestricties, quarantainemaatregelen en lockdowns. Er was dus sprake van een duidelijke dreiging en onze vaste dagindeling viel weg. Het mag dan ook niet verbazen dat de covid-19-pandemie allerlei psychosociale reacties met zich meebracht, waaronder angst en onrust.

Angst is een evolutionair adaptieve emotie die ons in staat stelt adequaat te reageren op bedreigende situaties. Veiligheidsgedragingen gemotiveerd door angst (bijv. hygiënische maatregelen) kunnen ons beschermen tegen gevaren (bijv. besmetting van mensen in risicogroepen). Wanneer angst echter buitensporig is of te lang aanhoudt, kan dit nadelige effecten hebben voor onszelf, onze dierbaren

Literatuurlijst

  1. Broomell, S. B., Chapman, G. B., & Downs, J. S. (2020). Psychological predictors of prevention behaviors during the COVID-19 pandemic. Behavioral Science & Policy, 6(2), 43–50. https://doi.org/10.1353/bsp.2020.0014
  2. Chua, G., Yuen, K. F., Wang, X., & Wong, Y. D. (2021). The Determinants of Panic Buying during COVID-19. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(6), 3247. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18063247
  3. Galanis, P., Vraka, I., Siskou, O., Konstantakopoulou, O., Katsiroumpa, A., & Kaitelidou, D. (2021). Predictors of COVID-19 vaccination uptake and reasons for decline of vaccination: a systematic review. MedRxiv. https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.07.28.21261261
  4. Harper, C. A., Satchell, L. P., Fido, D., & Latzman, R. D. (2020). Functional Fear Predicts Public Health Compliance in the COVID-19 Pandemic. International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction, 70 3)(5), 1. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11469-020-00281-5
  5. Hedman, E., Axelsson, E., Andersson, E., Lekander, M., & Ljótsson, B. (2016). Exposure-based cognitive–behavioural therapy via the internet and as bibliotherapy for somatic symptom disorder and illness anxiety disorder: randomised controlled trial. British Journal of Psychiatry, 209(5), 407–413. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.116.181396
  6. Juanchich, M., Sirota, M., Jolles, D., & Whiley, L. A. (2021). Are COVID‐19 conspiracies a threat to public health? Psychological characteristics and health protective behaviours of believers. European Journal of Social Psychology, 51(6), 969–989. https://doi.org/10.1002/ejsp.2796
  7. Knowles, K. A., & Olatunji, B. O. (2021). Anxiety and safety behavior usage during the COVID-19 pandemic: The prospective role of contamination fear. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 77, 102323. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.janxdis.2020.102323
  8. Lantz, B., & Wenger, M. R. (2022). Anti-Asian Xenophobia, Hate Crime Victimization, and Fear of Victimization During the COVID-19 Pandemic. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 088626052210866. https://doi.org/10.1177/08862605221086651
  9. Lund, E. M., Forber-Pratt, A. J., Wilson, C., & Mona, L. R. (2020). The COVID-19 pandemic, stress, and trauma in the disability community: A call to action. Rehabilitation Psychology, 65(4), 313–322. https://doi.org/10.1037/rep0000368
  10. Mediavilla, R., Fernández-Jiménez, E., Andreo, J., Morán-Sánchez, I., Muñoz-Sanjosé, A., Moreno-Küstner, B., Mascayano, F., Ayuso-Mateos, J. L., Bravo-Ortiz, M.-F., & Martínez-Alés, G. (2021). Association between perceived discrimination and mental health outcomes among health workers during the initial COVID-19 outbreak. Revista de Psiquiatría y Salud Mental. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rpsm.2021.06.001
  11. Mertens, G., Duijndam, S., Smeets, T., & Lodder, P. (2021). The latent and item structure of COVID-19 fear: A comparison of four COVID-19 fear questionnaires using SEM and network analyses. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 81, 102415. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.janxdis.2021.102415
  12. Mertens, G., Lodder, P., Smeets, T., & Duijndam, S. (2022). Fear of COVID-19 predicts vaccination willingness 14 months later. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 88, 102574. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.janxdis.2022.102574
  13. Niño, M., Harris, C., Drawve, G., & Fitzpatrick, K. M. (2021). Race and ethnicity, gender, and age on perceived threats and fear of COVID-19: Evidence from two national data sources. SSM – Population Health, 13, 100717. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssmph.2020.100717
  14. Oleksy, T., Wnuk, A., Maison, D., & Łyś, A. (2021). Content matters. Different predictors and social consequences of general and government-related conspiracy theories on COVID-19. Personality and Individual Differences, 168, 110289. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2020.110289
  15. Petersen, M. B., Bor, A., Jørgensen, F., & Lindholt, M. F. (2021). Transparent communication about negative features of COVID-19 vaccines decreases acceptance but increases trust. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 118(29). https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2024597118
  16. Ramaci, T., Barattucci, M., Ledda, C., & Rapisarda, V. (2020). Social Stigma during COVID-19 and its Impact on HCWs Outcomes. Sustainability, 12(9), 3834. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12093834
  17. Reber, L., Jodi M., K., DeShong, G., & Meade, M. (2021). Fear, Isolation, and Invisibility During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Qualitative Study of Adults With Physical Disabilities. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 102(10), e22. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apmr.2021.07.520
  18. Rivera, R. M., & Carballea, D. (2020). Coronavirus: A trigger for OCD and illness anxiety disorder? Psychological Trauma: Theory, Research, Practice, and Policy, 12(S1), S66–S66. https://doi.org/10.1037/tra0000725
  19. Ruiter, R. A. C., Kessels, L. T. E., Peters, G. Y., & Kok, G. (2014). Sixty years of fear appeal research: Current state of the evidence. International Journal of Psychology, 49(2), 63–70. https://doi.org/10.1002/ijop.12042
  20. Şimşir, Z., Koç, H., Seki, T., & Griffiths, M. D. (2022). The relationship between fear of COVID-19 and mental health problems: A meta-analysis. Death Studies, 46(3), 515–523. https://doi.org/10.1080/07481187.2021.1889097
  21. Staszak, S., Maciejowska, J., Urjasz, W., Misiuro, T., & Cudo, A. (2022). The Relationship between the Need for Closure and Coronavirus Fear: The Mediating Effect of Beliefs in Conspiracy Theories about COVID-19. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(22), 14789. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192214789
  22. Taylor, S. (2022). The Psychology of Pandemics. Annual Review of Clinical Psychology, 18(1), 581–609. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-clinpsy-072720-020131
  23. Taylor, S., Landry, C. A., Paluszek, M. M., Rachor, G. S., & Asmundson, G. J. G. (2020). Worry, avoidance, and coping during the COVID-19 pandemic: A comprehensive network analysis. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 76, 102327. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.janxdis.2020.102327
  24. Taylor, S., Landry, C. A., Rachor, G. S., Paluszek, M. M., & Asmundson, G. J. G. (2020). Fear and avoidance of healthcare workers: An important, under-recognized form of stigmatization during the COVID-19 pandemic. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 75, 102289. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.janxdis.2020.102289
  25. van Stekelenburg, B. C. A., De Cauwer, H., Barten, D. G., & Mortelmans, L. J. (2023). Attacks on Health Care Workers in Historical Pandemics and COVID-19. Disaster Medicine and Public Health Preparedness, 17, e309. https://doi.org/10.1017/dmp.2022.275
  26. World Health Organization. (2020). WHO COVID-19 Dashboard. https://covid19.who.int/
  27. Zheng, C., Shao, W., Chen, X., Zhang, B., Wang, G., & Zhang, W. (2022). Real-world effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccines: a literature review and meta-analysis. International Journal of Infectious Diseases, 114, 252–260. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijid.2021.11.009